Aggression and aggressive behaviour

Aggression can be found across civilizations and gender. Aggressive behavior is either to injure another, to derive something for the attacker, or to ensue in both hurt and immaterial additions ( Zirpoli, 2008 ) . It is normally assumed that work forces are more aggressive than female. As it can observed in our day-to-day life, the inclination for work forces ‘s engagement in competitory athleticss such as utmost games, the military, and the unsafe work is far higher than adult females. We know that aggression is an emotional energy. Both male and female need a certain degree of aggression in their working or analyzing life to accomplish their ends. When adult females and work forces work together in a squad, work forces frequently are more aggressive and dominate mixed-gender squads. For illustration, a company manager place is normally denominated by work forces. It should observe that there are besides adult females taking a company but the proportion is non that high comparison to work forces. On the other manus, adult females are less prone to self-assertion and more prone to compromise. They are more likely to work towards keeping relationships among team members every bit good as advocator for group harmoniousness. This may propose that male has a high emotional intelligence to move sharply in prosecuting their ends. Harmonizing to our study, findings show that male is more aggressive. For illustration, for the inquiry of â€Å" Male or female are more aggressive? â€Å" , one of the replies suggests that male is more aggressive for the ground that they have their natural inherent aptitude in them called self-importance which sometimes causes them to be more competitory. However, we besides found the contradiction during the interview subdivision with Ms. Alice. Harmonizing to her, adult females can be aggressive and it may be chiefly based on their civilization, household background. If a adult female were populating under tough environment, they can be aggressive than a adult male who is populating in comfort zone. She will endeavor really hard in their work to purse for a better life in their hereafter. Zirpoli, T.J. ( 2008 ) . Modeled aggressive behaviour. Education.com. An Education & A ; Child Development Site for Parents. Parenting & A ; Educational Resource. Retrieved February 21, 2011, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.com/reference/article/aggressive-behavior/ Life anticipation â€Å" Life anticipation is an mean figure of old ages that a individual can anticipate to populate in â€Å" full wellness † by taking into history old ages lived in less than full wellness due to disease and/or hurt † ( â€Å" Healthy life, † n.d. ) . Life anticipation can fall due to many factors such as disease, accident, war, dearth and so on. On the contrary, betterment in lifestyle, wellness and public assistance can increase life anticipation. Historical information shows that females have lived longer than males in virtually every state in the universe. Harmonizing to Rosenberg ( 2010 ) , presently the universe broad life anticipation for female life is 66 old ages but for male is 62.7 old ages, a difference of more than 3 old ages. Life anticipation can be affected by emphasis through unhealthy effects of emphasis on human organic structure over the long-run. A research done by Katyal and Awasthi ( 2005 ) found that females tend to hold higher emotional intelligence than males. The possible grounds might be due to the fact that females be given to be more emotional and confidant in relationship as compared to males, so their emotional intelligence ought to be higher than that of females. This suggests that female is more intelligence in stress direction. For illustration, females are likely to shout out and talk out whenever they encounter trouble as a manner to live over their emphasis. Males, on the other manus, are more likely to maintain it soundless under nerve-racking status which severely affects long-run wellness. Furthermore, life styles can convey a profound consequence on life anticipation every bit good. Our determination shows that bulk of the respondents pointed out that females tend to hold a better life style comparison to males. It can be seen that the degree of intelligence in pull offing lifestyle varies among gender. Females are more intelligence in commanding their behavior to avoid holding unhealthy eating manner comparison to male. Besides, male and female have different emphasis let go ofing techniques in their unrecorded. Males tend to let go of emphasis through fume or intoxicant while females are tend to make shopping or yoga as a manner to let go of emphasis. As a consequence, we can reason that females are more intelligence in pull offing a better life style comparison to work forces and it is one of the of import grounds result in longer life span. Healthy life anticipation ( HALE ) at birth ( old ages ) . ( n.d. ) . World Health Organization. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from www.who.int/whosis/indicators/2007HALE0/en/ Rosenberg, M. ( 2010, June 14 ) . Life Expectancy – Overview of Life Expectancy. Geography Home Page – Geography at About.com. Retrieved February 21, 2011, from hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/lifeexpectancy.htm Katyal, S. and Awasthi, E. ( 2005 ) . Gender differences in emotional intelligence among striplings of Chandigarh. Department of Child Development, Govt. Home Science College, India. Retrieved February 21, 2011, from hypertext transfer protocol: // hypertext transfer protocol: //www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-17-0-000-000-2005-Web/JHE-17-2-085-160-2005-Abst-PDF/JHE-17-2-153-155-2005-1208-Katyal-S/JHE-17-2-153-155-2005-1208-Katyal-S.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-17-0-000-000-2005-Web/JHE-17-2-085-160-2005-Abst-PDF/JHE-17-2-153-155-2005-1208-Katyal-S/JHE-17-2-153-155-2005-1208-Katyal-S.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedirect.com/science? _ob=ArticleURL & A ; _udi=B7MDM-4KFM64T-4 & A ; _user=10 & A ; _coverDate=06 % 2F30 % 2F2006 & A ; _rdoc=1 & A ; _fmt=high & A ; _orig=search & A ; _origin=search & A ; _sort=d & A ; _docanchor= & A ; view=c & A ; _searchStrId=1649821836 & A ; _rerunOrigin=google & A ; _acct=C000050221 & A ; _version=1 & A ; _urlVersion=0 & A ; _userid=10 & A ; md5=e2370864200f8f04fc8c3b56c4b95191 & A ; searchtype=a hypertext transfer protocol: //www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/10.01/WhyWomenLiveLon.html hypertext transfer protocol: //geography.about.com/od/populationgeography/a/lifeexpectancy.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3979/is_200004/ai_n8881189/pg_2/ ? tag=content ; col1 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Why-Males-More-Aggressive-Than-Females/83875 hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3538/is_n4_v46/ai_n28676715/ ? tag=content ; col1 If adult females act chiefly in such conventional footing and keep backing input to continue relationships, the squad may non be able to accomplish the coveted consequences. Aggression is applied to all worlds without dividing male from female. The aim for this inquiry is to happen out whether male or female is more intelligence in endeavoring for accomplishment. In general, gender differences in behavior have been argued with the premise that males are more aggressive than females. â€Å" Aggression is the biological footing of all energy generated to prosecute any end †

Succubus Shadows Chapter 14

I was never entirely sure how much of that dream was true and how much was a lie. That it was a mix, I felt certain. I couldn't think of any reason the Oneroi would show me Kayla noticing my absence when no one else did. That had to be true. Yet, I also couldn't imagine Seth and Maddie slandering me so much. I especially couldn't imagine him breaking a confidence. Surely that was a lie†¦right? And as for the rest of the dream†¦well, it didn't matter. The Oneroi offered no answers. And as more and more dreams came to me, the fate they'd foretold began to come true: I could no longer tell what was real and what wasn't. Often, I tried to tell myself that it was all a lie. That was easier than living with the doubt. No matter how hard I tried, though, I couldn't shake the feel of truth that some had. So, I was always questioning everything, and it grew maddening after a while. It was made worse by the fact that the Oneroi were always feeding off of those dreams, which consequently sucked up my energy. A succubus needed that energy to function. It gave me the ability to move in the world, to think clearly, to shape-shift. Draining me of it wouldn't kill me – I was still immortal, after all – but it made me useless. Not that it mattered in my prison. I still had the sensation of being crammed inside a box in the dark, and what little awareness of my body I had left was simply showing me pain and weakness. Had I been relea sed, I would have had trouble walking. I would also likely be in my true shape. Since I was mostly suspended consciousness now, the physical aspects became irrelevant. My mind became the true liability, as both the lack of energy and torture from the dreams began to rip me apart. I was more coherent and analytical during the dreams themselves, but when they ended and the emotions hit me, my rational thought began fracturing. My banter with the Oneroi became primal insults and screams. Most of the time I couldn't think at all. I was just pain and despair. And rage. It seemed impossible, yet underneath the agony that smothered me, a small spark of anger just barely managed to stay alive, fueled every time I saw the Oneroi. I think holding on to that fury was the only thing that kept my shattered mind from completely giving in to insanity. I lost all sense of time, but that had more to do with the strange nature of dreams and not so much my brain. I actually think little time passed in the real world because every time the Oneroi showed me a glimpse of it, no progress seemed to have been made in finding me – something I believed the Oneroi hoped would break me further. â€Å"Why do you keep asking us?† The question came from Cody. I was now watching him, Peter, and Hugh being interrogated by Jerome. Carter sat in a far corner, smoking in spite of Peter's no-cigarettes-in-the-apartment rule. Roman was there too, invisible in body and aura. That meant I shouldn't have been able to see him, yet something – maybe because he was my target in this dream – allowed me to know he was there, despite what my senses told me. My friends knew about him. He had no need to hide his physical appearance, unless Jerome feared there might be demonic eyes watching Seattle – which wasn't that unreasonable. My disappearance had probably made him extra suspicious. Cody's question had been directed toward Jerome, and I had never in my life seen such fury on the young vampire's face. He was the mildest of us all, newest to Seattle's immortal circle. He still jumped when Jerome said jump and spent more time watching and learning than taking an active role. Seeing him like this was a shock. â€Å"We don't know anything!† Cody continued. â€Å"Our powers are limited. You're the one who's supposed to be almighty and powerful. Doesn't Hell control half the universe?† â€Å"‘There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy,'† quoted Carter solemnly. â€Å"Shut up, both of you,† snapped Jerome. He glared at the angel. â€Å"I've already heard you use that one before.† Carter shrugged. â€Å"You've heard me use all of them before. Many, many times.† Jerome turned back to my three friends. â€Å"Nothing. You're absolutely certain you noticed nothing about her before this happened?† â€Å"She was down,† said Peter. â€Å"She's always down,† said Hugh. â€Å"She didn't tell any of us about this thing she kept feeling,† growled Cody. â€Å"She only told Roman. Why aren't you questioning him?† â€Å"I have,† said Jerome. He took a step near the young vampire and leaned his face in close. â€Å"And watch your tone. You're lucky I'm feeling kindly right now.† â€Å"What's Mei doing?† asked Peter. His tone was proper and polite as he cast an uneasy glance at Cody. Half of Peter's question was probably a ploy to save his prot? ¦g? ¦ from being smote then and there. Jerome sighed and stepped back. â€Å"Questioning others. Finding any trace – any at all – of another of our immortals who might have felt something.† Hugh, who was sitting on the couch and keeping his distance from our angry boss, cleared his throat nervously. â€Å"I don't want to bring this up†¦but, you're already kind of on probation after the, um, summoning.† Jerome's smoldering gaze fell on the imp, who flinched. â€Å"Don't you think I know that? Why is everyone here giving me useless information?† â€Å"All I'm saying,† said Hugh, â€Å"is that if someone wanted to take advantage of the situation, making you lose one of your immortals would be a good way. Someone who, say, maybe wanted a job promotion.† â€Å"Mei couldn't do this,† said Jerome, catching on. He'd already had one lieutenant demoness turn, so Hugh's hypothesis wasn't that bad. â€Å"She couldn't hide Georgina like this†¦even if she was working with someone who could, she'd find a better way to get to me.† There was almost a proud note in his voice. â€Å"What about Simone?† demanded Cody. â€Å"She's out there impersonating Georgina, you know.† Both Peter and Hugh stared in astonishment. â€Å"She's what?† exclaimed the imp. The attention from his friends seemed to fluster Cody more than Jerome's wrath. â€Å"Yeah, I was, um, visiting Gabrielle at the bookstore, and I saw Simone. She had Georgina's shape, but I could feel it was her.† â€Å"You saw Gabrielle?† asked Carter with interest, like my disappearance from the universe had now lessened in comparison to Cody's romance. Cody flushed. â€Å"We†¦had a date. But I canceled it when I heard about Georgina. It's no big deal.† No big deal? My kidnapping was now ruining Cody's chances with the woman of his dreams. â€Å"This is more useless information,† growled Jerome. â€Å"And, yes, I know about Simone.† â€Å"Maybe you should be talking to her,† said Cody. â€Å"She didn't do it,† said Jerome. The way he spoke implied that it was a closed case. Peter was still treading cautiously around Jerome. â€Å"If you say she didn't†¦then she didn't. But why is she impersonating Georgina if she's innocent in all this?† â€Å"She has her reasons,† said Jerome vaguely. Cody was outraged. â€Å"And you're just going to let her do it! How can you?† â€Å"Because I don't care!† roared Jerome. A wave of power flared out from him like a shock wave. Everyone except Carter was blown back by it. The china in Peter's cabinet rattled. â€Å"I don't care what that other succubus does. I don't care about Georgina's human friends or what they think. If anything, you should be grateful. Simone's act is keeping the others from noticing what happened.† None of my friends had anything to say to that. With an exasperated snarl, Jerome turned toward the door. â€Å"I've had enough of this. I need real answers.† He stormed out into the hall, leaving the door open. Presumably, he did it as an act of angry defiance, but I knew it was so Roman could follow him. Normally, the demon would have simply teleported out, but for whatever reason, father and son were investigating together today. Once alone on the stairwell, Jerome muttered, â€Å"Hold on.† Roman must have because Jerome disappeared. He reappeared – and me along with him – in a new setting: Erik's store. It was evening, and Erik had shut down for the night. The fountains were off. The music had stopped playing. Yet, near the back of the store, a few notes of humming could be heard. They cut off almost immediately, and footsteps sounded as someone approached. Jerome stayed where he was, not deigning to move. He knew his presence would have been promptly felt. He knew Erik would come to him. And sure enough, gait still unsteady from being sick recently, Erik made his way to the store's front. He radiated wariness as he moved. For me, he always had a kindly smile and cup of tea. Even Carter, the most powerful immortal in Seattle, would earn a respectful smile. But Erik was on his guard now – which really wasn't that weird, considering who stood in his store. Erik came to a stop a few feet from Jerome and straightened himself up as well as he could to his full height. He gave Jerome the smallest nod of greeting. â€Å"Mr. Hanan'el,† said Erik. â€Å"An unexpected visit.† Jerome had just taken a cigarette out of his coat, and it fell from his fingers. The look he gave Erik was a hundred times more terrifying than anything I'd ever seen. I expected another flare-up of power, one that would blow the entire building apart. â€Å"Do not,† said Jerome, â€Å"ever let that name cross your lips again, or I will rip them off.† His voice was low and even, simmering with the rage and power he was holding back. Had I been there, I would have gasped. Jerome's true name. Erik knew Jerome's true name. I used fake names to blend in and forget my identity. But for angels and demons, names were power. In the right hands, a name could be used to summon or control a greater immortal. In fact, for Dante to have summoned Jerome in the spring, Grace must have revealed that name. Erik didn't flinch at Jerome being in smite mode. â€Å"I assume,† said Erik, â€Å"you are seeking something.† â€Å"Yes,† said Jerome, slightly mimicking Erik's tone. â€Å"I am ‘seeking' my succubus.† Erik's eyebrows rose slightly. â€Å"Miss Kincaid?† â€Å"Of course! Who else?† Jerome did technically have another succubus, Tawny. But maybe he wouldn't have gone hunting for her if she disappeared. He took out another cigarette and lit it without a lighter. â€Å"Do you know where she is? And don't lie to me. If you're keeping her from me, I will rip you apart, leaving your tongue for last.† â€Å"Ripping body parts appears to be a theme tonight,† replied Erik, clasping his hands behind his back. â€Å"But no, I don't know where Miss Kincaid is. I didn't know she was missing.† Jerome took a step forward, eyes narrowed. â€Å"I told you, do not lie to me.† â€Å"I have no reason to lie. I like Miss Kincaid. I would never wish her harm. If I can help her, I will.† Erik's wording was careful. It was me he was offering to help – not Jerome. â€Å"She spoke to you about some force – some ‘siren song' that kept coming to her,† said Jerome. He gave a curt report of what Roman had observed when I disappeared. â€Å"What do you know about this thing? What kind of creature was it? It was feeding off her depression.† From the moment this dream had started, Jerome had displayed nothing but rage and terror. Yet†¦as he shot off questions, it was almost like he was rambling. There was desperation under all that anger. Desperation and frustration because he was in a situation with no answers and felt powerless. Demons, as a general rule, do not like feeling powerless. Resorting to human help – a human who knew his name, no less – must have been excruciatingly painful for my boss. Erik, classy as always, remained calm and formal. â€Å"There are creatures who do that, yes, but I don't believe it was one of those. I believe it chose those times because she was weakest. It was simply a lure – probably not the creature or culprit itself.† â€Å"Then what creature is it?† Erik spread his hands wide. â€Å"It could be any number of things.† â€Å"God-fucking-damn-it,† said Jerome, dropping his cigarette onto Erik's floor and stomping on it hard. â€Å"You're no longer connected to her?† â€Å"Correct.† â€Å"You have no awareness of her – one of your kind isn't masking her?† â€Å"Correct.† â€Å"And you know she's not dead?† â€Å"Correct.† Erik's brown eyes were thoughtful. â€Å"Then the creature is likely one outside of your scope.† â€Å"Why,† asked Jerome wearily, â€Å"does everyone keep telling me things I already know?† The question could have been directed to Erik, Roman, or the air. The demon took out another cigarette. â€Å"You need to figure out who would take her and why. She has enemies. Nyx was not pleased with the resolution of her last visit.† â€Å"Nyx is locked up.† Jerome spoke as though he had stated that a hundred times. I was pretty sure he'd been asked all those questions about me a hundred times too. â€Å"Your summoner, Mr. Moriarty, was not overly pleased with her either.† Although Erik remained professional, his lips twisted ever so slightly, like he'd tasted something bitter. Regardless of his feelings for the demon, both Erik and Jerome shared a mutual hatred of Dante. This gave Jerome pause. â€Å"I doubt this was human magic, though I suppose he could have had help – he's sought allies before. I'll look into it.† He dropped this new cigarette and stepped on it too. â€Å"Regardless, I still can't believe I'd have no sense of her in the world.† â€Å"Maybe she's not in this world.† Erik's words hung between them for several seconds. â€Å"No,† said Jerome at last. â€Å"Many have interest in her – but none who would do that.† I saw in Erik's face that the words â€Å"Many have interest in her† had caught his notice. He stayed silent, however, and waited for Jerome's next profound statement. Which wasn't that profound. â€Å"Time to go,† said the demon, probably so Roman could grab hold again. Jerome teleported, off to wherever it was he had to go. And me? I returned to my prison.

John Foulcher for the Fire Q&a Essay

For the fire Q&A The first lines in the poem introduce us to the sounds in the bush. what are these sounds and whom does he think is making the noise? Why is his mistake understandable? What effect is achieved through these sound images? * The opening starts with the word â€Å"Outside† presenting the natural world that appears on the surface to be so beautiful and gentle. â€Å"a chopping sound† disrupts the natural image, â€Å"its singular human thud† represents a human is harming the environment. The effect is that humans are damaging the environment and its not uncommon (the author is not surprised† Explain the effect of the simile â€Å"like clockwork† what effect is created by the repetition of the‘t’ and‘d’ sounds in the sound drops/chipped from a tall dead tree? * It reminds us that this is a place controlled by nature. It is repetitive and continuous the image of the kookaburra and the lizard is vivid. Comment on lines 6-10 discussing the images created, choice of words and what they may suggest, the expressive verbs and the overall meaning of these lines. * The authors powerful language and imagery that we witness the savagery and brutality and feel sympathetic. what does the word oblivious tell us about the birds behaviour? * The bird doesn’t have sympathy for the lizard because it is a part of natures cycle and it was uninvietable. The birds behaviour is instinctive and even though it may seem brutal and savage to us, it is acting only out of instinct and survival. How does the poet indicate his acceptance of the birds apparent brutality. * The poet doesn’t help the lizard, instead he accepts natures cycle and picks up his kindling and leaves. What interpretation can you suggest to explain the meaning of the cold air congealing behind me * Visual image of the air is like a door closing on a world where the poet was an intruder.

MOVIE CRITIQUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOVIE CRITIQUE - Essay Example Perseus is set to marry the beautiful princess Andromeda but she is to be sacrificed to the sea monster. Perseus must prevent this by killing the sea monster in time. At the same time, Perseus father feuds with goddess Thetis and the rivalry is full blown. Still, Perseus must proceed with his mission despite the numerous challenges that stand in his way. He faces a myriad of various creatures which he must slay to survive. Medusa is one creature that Perseus must locate and kill. The gaze of the creature can turn Kraken into stone and hinder his chances of saving Andromeda. He must kill each beast and handle the delicate capture of Andromeda wisely so that he can save her alive (Canby, 1981). The film does not have characters based on real people. Instead, the characters are made up to reflect the constituents reflected in the Greek mythology. This is why the film falls under the fantasy genre. The characters are imaginative and the events portrayed are highly unlikely to transpire in the real life. The characters potential and the nature of events transcend the laws of physics and exceed the ability of humans. The director’s use of no real characters and events squarely fits the elements of mythology. The film is set in ancient Greece. There is no apparent use of real locations but instead the director chooses to make representation of various critical locations. Such include Mount Olympus which formed the home of the Greek gods, the city of Joppa which was the residence of Princess Andromeda and the island of Seriphos where Perseus grew up. The representation was done well to compliment the fantasy element of the mythology. It is possible that the director did not use real locations because the story itself is not real. The applied special effects were not up to standard. A lot better in that field could have been necessary to give the film’s audience a better experience. The

Company Analysis of Free Standing Company - National Bank of Egypt Essay

Company Analysis of Free Standing Company - National Bank of Egypt - Essay Example This report will analyze National Bank of Egypt as a free standing company and then the characteristics of National Bank of Egypt will be compared with the views of Mira Wilkin with respect to free standing company. Past and Present of the National Bank of Egypt (NBE) and its Acquisitions and Mergers (as a free standing company): National bank of Egypt is the oldest commercial bank of Egypt. It has been operating for the last 114 years. The bank was established in June, 1898, with the investment of one million pounds (National Bank of Egypt a). It is believed that bank of Egypt was formed by partnerships of various important people namely, Sir Ernest Cassel, Isaac Suarez and his siblings Joseph and Felix and various other members. However, since Sir Ernest was keen on not leaving the United Kingdom, therefore, branch office of National bank of Egypt was created in London (National Bank of Egypt UK Branch 2012). Since then National Bank of Egypt has opened various branches around Egyp t and some other countries of the world. It has opened its branch in Khartoum in 1901, and in next year Agriculture Bank of Egypt was set active. Similarly, it has merged with various other banks and also has acquired many banks around the globe to capitalize on different opportunities regardless of the geographic region. National Bank of Egypt has a rich history of these mergers and acquisitions and some of these have been discussed below. Bank of Abyssinia came into being in 1906 and was established by National Bank of Egypt, which in many ways performed its duties for the Ethiopian government. This bank has also issued currency for Ethiopia and was the only issuer of currency for the government. Moreover, Bank of Abyssinia has also provided its services as a fiscal agent for the Ethiopian government. However, these services were later terminated in 1931 as Ethiopian government established Bank of Ethiopia as an alternative. In the year 1951, National bank of Egypt was recognized as the central bank for Egypt, but it was later confirmed in 1957 (by banking acts) and started its operation as a legal central bank of Egypt. Another important development by National Bank of Egypt was that it started operating in Sudan; all assets of the bank which were in the premises of Sudan were intentionally nationalized by the Sudan government in order to come up with the new bank for the country. This was later named as Central Bank of Sudan. Similarly, in a year (1960), Bank of Egypt was also nationalized. The main purpose for this act was to create a separate central banking entity for Egypt (Egypt News 2012). National Bank of Egypt acquired Citibank of Egypt in 1961, as this bank entered the Egyptian market 6 years before its acquisition. However, the prime reason for Citibank to leave the market was because of the nationalization process carried out in the Egypt. Furthermore, one of the important milestones of Bank of Egypt was to establish Commercial International Ban k. With the help and partnership of Chase Manhattan Bank or, in simple words, the merger between National Bank of Egypt and Chase Manhattan Bank has resulted in establishing Commercial international Bank in the year 1975. Likewise in a year (1976), another important merger came into existence, as NBE along with 19 other banks from the US and Arabic countries merged together in order to establish Arab American Bank. National Bank of

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research - Assignment Example These include audit trails, checks in times of coding, correct referencing and results evaluation (Munhall, 2012). You decide to conduct a qualitative study aimed at determining the influence of life stressors on graduate nursing education. You plan to collect the data using an Internet survey. How do you collect qualitative data using an Internet survey? Would the data be credible? Why or why not? Collection of qualitative data will be possible via use of appropriate internet software plus questionnaire templates (Munhall, 2012). There will be a questionnaire provided via the internet that participants will fill and submit. The questionnaires are to have a certain number of questions, which the participants will complete in conformance to the instructions. First, there should be recruitment for respondents willing to join in the survey. This is possible through advertisements in various sites such as yahoo and Google (Munhall, 2012). Offering prizes or incentives for participants would encourage several people to join the exercise. The data will be credible if the selected responds are eligible for the exercise (Munhall, 2012). This is because the respondents required are those experienced on stressors. What are sources of qualitative research problems? Identify an issue from your clinical practice that could be studied using qualitative method. Why do you think qualitative method is appropriate to study the problem? Research problems emanate from various sources, for example; the skeptical nature of individuals each day provides a research topic (Houser, 2009). Qualitative research issues may stem from practical aspects, for instance, in nursing a skeptical individual may develop a question that concerns nurses in the provision of health care (Houser, 2009). In clinical practice, an issue such as the problems encountered by nurses as they deliver care to patients is suitable

Electric cars vs hybrid cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electric cars vs hybrid cars - Research Paper Example This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of electric and hybrid cars as a move to reduce the rate at which CO2 is emitted in the atmosphere, and explains the reasons as to why hybrid cars are preferable than electric cars. First, what is an electric car? An electric car is powered or propelled by an electric motor that is powered by a rechargeable battery pack. These batteries can be recharged by household electricity. These cars do not use gasoline, instead they get their power from a controller which regulates the amount of power based on the acceleration rate (â€Å"Electric Cars a definitive guide†, n.d). Electric cars are environmentally friendly because they emit less or do not emit carbons than their counterparts that use gasoline but they do use rare metals that are used in manufacturing their batteries. This means zero emission of carbons to the environment; they do not contribute to climate change like those vehicles that use gasoline. In addition, electric cars do not use fossil fuels; they do not have internal combustion engines because they completely depend on rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, when the engine of an electric car is on, there is no noise as compared to gas-powered vehicle thus giving people a quiet ride. Further, the silent nature of electric cars makes them not associated with the issue of noise pollution (â€Å"Advantages and disadvantages of electric cars†, n.d). Another, advantage of electric cars is that they reduce air pollution since they do not emit pollutants. Furthermore, they have reduced green house gas emissions from the onboard source of energy depending on the technology and fuel used for generation of electricity to charge the batteries is clean (â€Å"Electric cars a look into the future†, n.d). In addition, there advantages of electric cars is that they have high energy efficient level since electric motors have the capability to convert 75% of the chemical energy from the

UK contract and employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UK contract and employment law - Essay Example She became negligent with her work. She committed 2 negligent acts which were both serious in nature and affected the company. After the first incident, Clarissa was informally warned but the manager still showed faith in her. But after the second incidence, manager lost confidence in her and she was fired with a six month notice. Her contract will terminate on 31st March 2012. Also keeping in the mind the safety of her colleagues, she was asked to take â€Å"garden leave† wherein she was not needed to come to office during the notice period but would be paid for it. She was not happy with this and wanted to continue working. She has received an offer from Flare Missiles to work for them, provided she joins on the 1st of February 2012. She needs advise on whether she can successfully pursue a claim for unfair dismissal compensation against Cascade and whether she can lawfully accept flare's offer of employment. Unfair Dismissal Compensation The question of whether Clarissa can pursue a claim for unfair dismissal compensation will depend on whether it was an unfair dismissal. The fact that she was dismissed is clearly established in the facts of the case. She will be able to successfully claim the compensation if she can prove that the dismissal was an unfair one. If Precision Missiles had followed all the procedures and abided by the law, then she will not be able to claim the compensation as it will not be an unfair dismissal. First and foremost for Clarissa to have a right against unfair dismissal, she should have worked in the company for at least one year and Clarissa fulfils this requirement as she has been working for over 30 years in the company. Now, Clarissa has to be prove that the dismissal was unfair according to the Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98A(1) (‘Procedural fairness’)1 The Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98A(1) (‘Procedural fairness’) states that: A dismissal without completion of the standar d procedure (wholly or mainly attributable to the failure of the employer) will be unfair. Whether the dismissal was an unfair dismissal will depend on the 2 stage test that any an unfair dismissal must go through2. Stage One: The Reason Once the unfair dismissal compensation claim is made, the responsibility to show that dismissal was based on a reason falls on the employer3. In this case, Precision Missiles will argue that they had a fair reason to dismiss Clarissa. According to the Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98(2) they have to prove that their reason was a fair one. In the current scenario the reason for dismissal was negligence and carelessness in carrying out her responsibilities which are a part of her job profile. This was not a one distinct incident but was repeated twice and in both cases the consequences of her negligence could have been critical. In the first, incidence her negligence would directly impact negatively on the brand images that Precision Missiles had built with its client. This could seriously damage its image and affect future business. The second incidence if not rectified by her colleagues could have been a disaster for the company. Even though it was found out that her negligence would not have caused serious damage, a repetition of the incidence could have been critical. The above reason could be justified as a fair one by using

Air and sea gas exchange in coastal zones Research Paper

Air and sea gas exchange in coastal zones - Research Paper Example There are inherent challenges in obtaining homogeneous data for coastal waters making the data available to be fully conclusive since it is difficult to accurately quantify the gas transfer velocity as, it is influenced by a wide range of environmental variables, most of which are strongly interlinked. Formal mathematical descriptions are being developed but they are not yet definitive. Gases are present in our atmosphere as well as in oceans. These gases get mixed with one another as an exchange takes place between the two mediums regarding the gases present in them. Our atmosphere contains a number of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and many other gases (Tokoro, et al 2007). Likewise, the oceans also contain a number of different gases that get emitted into the air. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that is naturally created as well as fabricated because of man’s effort enters the seawaters and the oceans pay no hindrance in accepting the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (Tokoro, et al 2007). Just as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the water of the oceans, similarly, the gases from oceans such as methyl iodide and dimethyl sulphide enter the atmosphere and affects the earth’s atmosphere (Tokoro, et al 2007). There are many factors that affect the exchange the gases between seawater and atmosphere such as wind speed and temperature (ABE, et al 2010). Speed and temperature play a crucial role in affecting the exchange of gases as it is due to these factors that the process of gas exchange between seawater and air gets started and even gets faster or lower. Coastal zones are important sites to notice the exchange of gases between atmosphere and seawater. A descriptive account of air and sea gas exchange in the coastal zones can be found in this paper, as the purpose of this paper is to inform about this exchange. Chemical oceanography encompasses both inorganic and organic chemistry and it involves the

Arguments for and against Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arguments for and against Death Penalty - Essay Example However, a common opinion in regard to the use of death penalty has not been accomplished. This essay is an argument regarding the use of death penalty. It presents some reasons why death penalty should be abolished, while on the other hand it presents several reasons why the application of death penalty is right. There are certain situations whereby I have reasoned that death penalty should be applied on some of the crimes against humanity. For example, there are situations whereby people hire killers to cause the demise of those whom they feel are a barrier to their prosperity. Others do this as a result of disputes. The most amazing thing is that those who carry out such murders would never like to be faced with a situation whereby they can lose their life. The big question is why anyone would want to terminate another person’s life while he/she would not like his/hers to be terminated. This is selfishness that does not need to be supported under all the circumstances. Case y (2000) argues that once a person kills for the first time, it is likely that he is going to take the life of another. Human beings are vulnerable to death caused by fellow humans in many cases. This is because a person with the intention of killing another is intelligent enough to way lay the unsuspecting victim regardless of the living environment. I disagree with the people who argue that assassins should be sentenced to serve jail terms whereby they get rehabilitated with a situation whereby.

Shakespeare and His Tyrants Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare and His Tyrants Essay Do you know who any of these people are? Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Muammar al-Gaddafi or Osama Bin Laden? These men used their authority who exercised power oppressively or despotically. They are defined as tyrants. But even during William Shakespeare’s time there were similar men who terrorised countries. Shakespeare portrays tyrants so that they will always suffer the consequences for their terrible deeds. The most famous of his tyrants are Richard III and Macbeth. In his tragedy Macbeth the main character Macbeth was once a thane (a low-ranking nobleman) and a hero but a prophecy creates a powerful ambition within him for power which leads him to follow a dark path. He ascends the throne by murdering the king and also killed anyone who threatened to take him off the throne. His impending doom loomed over him when a man named Macduff fought Macbeth to avenge the death of his loved ones (who were killed under Macbeth’s order). Macbeth was beheaded in the fight. He was a doomed man at the start. He was prophesised to die at the hands of another man and this shows that tyrants will always suffer in the end. In popular culture tyrants similar to Macbeth are portrayed in remakes of plays, films and video games. A tyrant who was similar is Ulfric Stormcloak from Bethesda Game Studio’s game Skyrim. Ulfric Stormcloak was a Jarl (a chieftain) of the former capital of Skyrim. After learning ancient powers, he abused the knowledge by murdering the High King to take the throne. A war is waged to stop Ulfric. In the end Ulfric Stormcloak is beheaded in a siege on his fortress. This is very similar to Macbeth’s story because both of them are misled by their ambition for power which supports that Shakespeare has influenced the tyrants of popular culture. Richard III in the play of the same name is depicted as being deformed, self-absorbed and wanting nothing more than to gain power. His split personality developed his character. However his undoing and death occurred during a final duel with Richmond (later known as Henry VII of England) at the Battle of Bosworth Field. A tyrant comparable to Richard III is Queen Clementianna in the Snow White remake â€Å"Mirror Mirror†. The Queen is a very beautiful woman but she was narcissistic and cruel to her people. She believed that she was the rightful ruler of the land and orders the murder of Snow White (her step-daughter) which ultimately fails. The Queen talks in her spare time with her own mind (which is the mirror) except it is a much more wiser and younger version of herself. In the end she is foiled by Snow White and suffers her consequences for using dark powers against the King. She is transformed into a witch-like figure and Snow White rescues her long-lost father. Both of these tyrannical people are alike as they are both self-absorbed and deformed in many ways. They never have their happily ever after ending, lose their titles and are hushed away or killed (in Richard III’s case). This shows that tyrants always pay for their crimes. Unfortunately a small number of tyrants never suffer for the atrocious acts that they commit. This is outrageous as the wicked and selfish men and women of our society should suffer for their crimes. Shakespeare’s influence ranges from many popular topics such as love and violence but his portrayal of tyrants is cunningly similar to those of modern day culture. Would he have known that his view on tyrants was never going to change throughout the course of history? Who knows? But we will always know that tyrants were similar in both eras. Being a tyrant will lead to their own demise.

Epistemology in Locke and Berkeley Essay Example for Free

Epistemology in Locke and Berkeley Essay Even though Locke seems to posit a mind-independent world founded on matter, on closer examination it will be found that he does so grudgingly. Berkeley, on the other hand considers the notion as unnecessary, and indeed evil. With a proper examination of the two philosophies they will found to be identical in substance, and they only differ in their moral orientation regarding the notion of matter. Locke’s path would appear to lead to materialism, while Berkeley’s to spiritualism. I argue, however, that Locke is not really promoting materialism. On the other hand, Berkeley’s stance might be the road to quietism, instead of true spirituality. On balance, I would favor Locke. Both philosophers are Empiricists, therefore claim that all knowledge is derived from sense experience alone. The real target against whom this philosophy is directed are the Rationalists, following Descartes, who contended that the mind is possessed of innate knowledge, which is discovered through the application of reason as applied to the sensory data of experience. Descartes numbered substance as three – the soul capable of thought, the non-thinking material world, and God. Excluding God as the unknowable entity, the Cartesians grappled with mind and matter duality, confident that both could be understood as agents interacting with each other. However all efforts in this direction ended in pantheism, where God is invoked as the necessary and indispensable agent of mind and matter interaction. Locke’s philosophy is primarily aimed at overcoming Cartesian duality, and the same can be said of Berkeley’s. Locke focuses his attack on the Cartesian mind with its innate ideas. Berkeley, on the other hand, attacks the concept of mind-independent matter. Locke pictures the mind as a white piece of paper, on which experience writes all possible content, and that which we are able to describe as mind. Before the mind experiences the external material world it has no knowledge. This is made up of ideas, which is that formed when something impinges on our senses, coming from the object of perception. The actual process of transmission is inscrutable, though, which Locke is at pains to point out. The ideas are generally nothing like the object itself, and so the causation that is talked about, as the body being caue of the sense perception, is left shrouded. To make this point Locke shows that we form positive ideas from even the lack of causation. So that the absence of light is positively a shadow to us. Just like the names we give to objects are nothing like the objects themselves, so that most of the ideas that form in the mind bear â€Å"no more the likeness of something existing without us† (qtd. in Bowie, 251). With this provision out of the way, Locke goes on to claim that there are certain ideas which do bear resemblance to the object being observed. The ideas of extension, solidity, shape and motion are indeed said to reside in the object itself. These aspects of matter are intuited, and form what Locke terms primary qualities. This is why the ideas of shape, solidity and motion have such distinct and forceful presence in our mind. It is due to the fact that such ideas constitute the only information transmitted from matter itself to the mind. All other ideas, termed as secondary, are derived from the primary ones, and compounded from them in various ways. In this way color, taste, smell, texture etc are all secondary qualities. These ideas are characterized by their relative nature, so that no two observers are able to agree exactly on a quality like taste or color. At the same time they are not as distinct as are the simple ideas. The same food item can be sweet when tasted in health, and bitter when in fever. Again Locke takes care to point out that there is no necessary causation involved. The idea of blueness, along with the particular fragrance, that we get from holding a violet cannot be linked to the flower itself, so that it is â€Å"no more impossible to conceive that God should annex such ideas to such motions, with which they have no similitude† (Ibid 253). Berkeley insists that the relativistic argument must also apply to the primary qualities of Locke, so that there can be no agreement even regarding shape, size and motion. Different perspectives of the same event gives rise to different ideas, so that a large square building might appear to be small and rectangular when seen from a distance and a skewed perspective. Locke argues, however, that such differences can be â€Å"reasoned† away, by the use of geometry and knowledge of the observer’s position relative to the object of scrutiny. Because such correction is possible the mind can be said to have true knowledge regarding extension. Thus, the thesis of simple ideas, the crux of Locke’s epistemology, is restored. Against this, Berkeley would complain that there cannot be any distinction between primary and secondary sensations. He asks us to try to imagine, if we can, the shape of an object without color. And because we cannot our notion of extension is inseparable from the so-called secondary sensations. That which Locke claimed as distinct as an idea, is found out not to be really so. Shape, size and motion appear to us always associated with color, tone, texture, taste, mood, and so on, and the two categories of sensations cannot be clinically separated at all. And if it is the case that the secondary qualities are not in the object itself, but are framed by the mind that perceives it, then the same must be true for the primary qualities too (Ibid 256). Locke had dismissed Descartes’ materialism, and yet held on to the notion of matter by the slender thread of â€Å"primary qualities†. Berkeley overturns this too, so that there is nothing left with which to grasp on to a notion of matter as a mind-independent entity. He simply applies Occam’s razor to the preceding argument and concludes that, if God would impart to us our idea of extension, whether there be matter or not, then it is illogical to postulate the separate existence of matter, a thing that serves no function at all, and to do so would be tantamount to imputing that â€Å"God has created innumerable beings that are entirely useless, and serve to no manner of purpose† (Ibid 258). We know that this is an argument that Locke would have appreciated, because he himself uses Occam’s razor at many points in his own argument, for example, when he postulates that all experience is derived from only simple ideas. Berkeley is not saying, â€Å"Nothing exists.† The external world is indeed real, but as an idea in the mind of God, and maintained as such so that we are able to refer to an absolute fixity in nature. Existence is either as a spirit or as an idea. The spirit is that which perceives idea. Apart from our own existence we also perceive ideas. These too are said to have real existence. A table does not cease to exist just because we have left the room and there is none to observe it anymore. If it continues to exist, it must only be in some other mind, says Berkeley, and â€Å"consequently so long as they are not actually perceived by me, or do not exist in my mind or that of any other created spirit, they must either have no existence at all, or else subsist in the mind of some Eternal Spirit† (Ibid 255). As epistemology, Berkeley’s reasoning is irrefutable, except that it does not inspire active enquiry as does Locke’s. After a proper examination of the latter’s philosophy it will be found not to differ in essence from that of Berkeley, except in structure and the terminology used. But such a difference is not a minor one either. The distinction of primary ideas made by Locke found better expression in Kant, a century later, as the â€Å"synthetic a priori† ideas of the mind. The gist of Kant is that while practical reason does not deliver knowledge, it nevertheless presages the existence of â€Å"pure† reason, transcendent to practical reason, and the preserve of true knowledge. A further corollary to Kant’s philosophy is the categorical imperative, which stimulates action towards the moral path, which is the path dictated by pure reason, and also the road to true knowledge. It is easy to demonstrate that Locke’s postulate of a material sense perception is the counterpart to Kant’s postulate of practical reason. That such an idea does not deliver knowledge both Locke and Kant admit. But contained in the idea is the imperative to enquire and attain to true knowledge. This is what Locke means when he says: How short soever their knowledge may come of an universal or perfect comprehension of whatsoever is, it yet secures their great concernments, that they have light enough to lead them to the knowledge of their Maker, and the sight of their own duties. (27) This is the spirit of active enquiry that we find in Locke, but not in Berkeley. Indeed, the historical influence of Locke testifies to this claim completely. The German historian Oswald Spengler was not exaggerating when he said, â€Å"The Western Enlightenment is of English origin. The rationalism of the Continent comes wholly from Locke† (qtd. in Durant, 590). It is unfortunate, however, that Locke has come to be associated with materialism. Such a misunderstanding is due to a failure to comprehend fully the implications of his epistemology. This is why I favor Locke over Berkeley. Works Cited Bowie, G. Lee, Meredith W. Michaels and Robert C. Solomon. Twenty Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy. Wadsworth Publishing, 2006. Durant, Will and Ariel Durant. The Age of Louis XIV: A History of European Civilization in the Age of Pascal. New York: Simon and Schuster,1963. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. Bibliobazaar LLC, 2006.

Structural Strengthening Methods

Structural Strengthening Methods INTRODUCTION GENERAL Strengthening or upgrading of a structure may be required quite often due to several reasons. Many a times, loads due to seismic forces or wind forces are not taken into account while designing the structure or sometimes a higher load carrying capacity is required in case the use of the structure changes. In such cases, strengthening of a structure may be required. Strengthening may also be required in case of any deficiency in the ability of a structure to carry the expected design loads. There may be several reasons for such deficiencies in a structure. These include structural damage, loss of concrete section, corrosion of steel rebars, error while construction or flaws in the design. Several techniques can be employed to overcome such problems. Arriving at a best and optimum strengthening solution for each project depends on various factors like increase in strength required, constructability restrictions, size and importance of project, accessibility, time availability, and avai lability of skilled/unskilled labour, availability of raw material and other equipments, environmental conditions, cost or many such other issues. Out of the available strengthening techniques, the most wonderful feature of strengthening by FRP laminates is its non-corrosive nature. It is due to corrosion of rebars that billions of capital of a country is wasted every year. Replacing steel reinforcement by the non-corrosive FRP reinforcement is an effective alternative that obviates the problem of loss of strength of a structural element due to corrosion. Thus, investigation of the behaviour or response of such strengthening techniques is very crucial before it is adopted in actual structures. Experimental based testing has been carried out by researchers for long. This method of investigation is both time-consuming and expensive. Thus, analytical and numerical methods of investigation are in vogue. Finite Element Method (FEM) is one of the numerical methods of analysis. With the advancement in computer and technology, FEM softwares like ANSYS are reliable along with being less time-consuming and cost-effective. In the present research, numerical investigation of RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates is carried out. STRENGTHENING USING FRP COMPOSITES There are several reasons for which strengthening of a structure may be required. And for this purpose several conventional techniques like use of steel plates have been used since ages. But in the recent years, use of Fibre reinforced polymers for structural strengthening has come into existence. Fibre Reinforce Polymers or FRPs exhibit several improved properties, like non-corrosiveness, high stiffness-weight ratio, high strength-weight ratio, high fatigue strength, flexibility and ease of application due to its light weight. In recent years, several researchers have been studying the use of FRP sheets or laminates to strengthen concrete structural members. Using FRPs for strengthening have turned out be an effective technique suitable for several structural elements such as beams, columns, walls, and slab. For strengthening of existing structures externally, FRP materials are considered most suitable as it is non-corrosive, resistant to chemicals and non-magnetic. From the past research, it has been found that Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers or GFRP is very effective in increasing flexural as well as shear strength of the reinforced concrete structures when bonded externally. FRP laminates is one of the emerging material for strengthening of RC beams. It can be used for strengthening the beams weak in flexure by bonding the laminate at the bottom soffit and for strengthening the beam weak in shear, laminates are bonded to the side faces of the RC beam. But unfortunately, no proper guidelines or provisions are included in the current Indian design codes for strengthening of concrete structural elements with FRP laminates. At the same time, research in recent years focussing on the application of FRP laminates for strengthening of RC structures has led to its increasing application practically. FRP laminates are composite materials that consist of high strength fibres of glass, carbon or aramid in a matrix, where the main load is carried by the fibres. These laminates are plates that may be bonded to the surface by either dry bonding or wet bonding technique. These laminates can be used to strengthen beams and slabs weak in shear or flexure, columns to increase the concrete confinement or even walls to increase the lateral load carrying capacity. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES MERITS FRP or Fibre Reinforced Polymers are very efficient in strengthening of reinforced concrete structural elements. They have high ultimate strength and have lower density as compared to that of steel. It is very convenient to handle and transport because of its light weight. Moreover, its flexible nature makes installation process much convenient as compared to installation of heavy steel plates. Another major advantage of using FRP laminates in strengthening of RC structural elements is that it doesn’t require full scaffolding while installation at soffits of bridge. In case of strengthening RC structures by using FRP laminates, no bulky lifting gear is required and there is no requirement of fittings such as bolts that are susceptible to corrosion. Moreover, application of FRP laminates is just as easy as application of wallpapers on wall. Also, there is no risk of damage to the steel reinforcement as no drilling is required for inserting bolts. Nowadays, wet-bonding technique is used which further reduces the risk of debonding of the laminates. Furthermore, another most important advantage in the use of FRP laminates in strengthening of RC structures is that these laminates are available in long lengths and varying widths due to which no joints or laps are required. Application of FRP laminates on irregular surfaces or curved profiles is not a problem due to its flexible nature. If the application of FRP laminates is done carefully by keeping care of proper measures, it proves to be durable. Moreover, it is comparatively convenient to repair by application of another layer. Use of FRP laminates for strengthening of bridges and other important structures like tunnels is very suitable as their light weight and less thickness do not alter the dimensions of the strengthened element or add to the weight of structure. Most important advantage of the use of FRP laminates for strengthening RC structural elements is that it is non-corrosive in nature. Because of the ease in application, it results in saving both the man-power and useful resources. Thus, all these merits in combination results in a significant and effective means of strengthening technique that is much more quicker and simpler as compared to other strengthening techniques like use of steel plates. DEMERITS Along with several advantages of FRP or Fibre Reinforced Polymers, there are few disadvantages that may hinder its application. FRP laminates that are mainly used for external strengthening of structures are susceptible to exposure of external environment. So, in order to protect it from fire or any other accidental damage, proper protection measures are to be adopted. Another major problem occurred in the application of FRP laminates in strengthening of RC structures is delamination or debonding of the laminate. It problem can be overcome by taking proper measures while bonding it with the help of epoxy. Nowadays, even the technique of wet bonding is in practice in order to eliminate such problems. Another major disadvantage that may hinder its application is its high cost. But, after a complete comparison of the total cost and the strengthening achieved with that of other strengthening methods like use of steel plates etc., the application of FRP in strengthening may prove to be economical and more efficient. INTRODUCTION TO FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING/METHOD Finite Element Method or (FEM) is an approximate numerical technique for determining solutions to boundary problems for differential equations. In this method, a stable solution is produced by reducing error function by employing variational method. In this method, a structure or a model to be analyzed is discretized or broken down in number of small sub-domains, and are called elements or finite elements. These elements are connected to one another by points known as nodes. There are many finite element packages available. ANSYS which means Analysis System is a FEM software package which offers engineering simulation solution sets in engineering simulation that a design process requires. Companies in a wide variety of industries use ANSYS software. The tools put a virtual product through a rigorous testing procedure before it becomes a physical object. IMPORTANCE OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING It is difficult to model the complex behaviour of reinforced concrete analytically in its non-linear zone. And we know that experimental testing which has been used since ages for the purpose of research work is very time consuming along with being expensive. But with the advancement in computer and technology, and powerful techniques of analysis such as Finite Element Method or FEM, many efforts have been under taken by the investigators to obviate the need for creating multiple models in case of experimental investigation. Thus, finite element approach is gaining popularity not only because it is cost effective and less time consuming, along with this it obviates the need to create multiple models for the purpose of research or investigation, preventing wastage of useful resources. Along with this, it is a powerful tool that allows modeling and analyzing complex non-linear behaviour of RC structures efficiently. Moreover, not only modelling and analyzing, it is also useful in obtai ning the load deflection behavior and crack patterns under various loading conditions. Thus, Numerical investigation or finite element analysis is comparatively much more effective and less complicated than development of analytical models because of the several obvious reasons. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK The specific objectives of the present investigation are as follows: To numerically investigate the behaviour of RC beams strengthened with FRP laminates using ANSYS To obtain the corresponding load deflection curve of RC beam without FRP and RC beams strengthened with varying configuration of GFRP and CFRP laminates. To draw the comparison between ANSYS results experimental results available in the literature. To study the comparison between the behaviour and the load deflection profile of RC beams strengthened with glass fibre and carbon fibre laminates. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK Experimental testing is one of the most commonly used methods for prediction of the behaviour of reinforced concrete elements till failure. This is both time consuming and costly. Thus, finite element approach is gaining popularity not only because it is cost effective and less time consuming, along with this it obviates the need to create multiple models for the purpose of research or investigation, preventing wastage of useful resources and manpower. In the present investigation, the non-linear response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with FRP laminates has been carried out with the intention to investigate the effectiveness of GFRP and CFRP laminates bonded in varying configuration. In this investigation, ANSYS software is used to carry out Finite element modelling of RC beam. A total of nine beams are modelled and analyzed using ANSYS software up to the failure and the load deformation curves are plotted and the cracking behaviour is monitored. Concrete block is modelled by using SOLID65 element while the steel reinforcement is modelled using LINK180 element by using discrete method. While, for modelling of FRP laminates SOLID185 (layered solid) element is used. The result obtained from finite element investigation is then compared with the experimental results in the referred literature (Sandeep G. Sawant, 2013) with respect to load-deflection values, formation of initial crack, failure mode and the ultimate load carrying capacity of the RC beam.

Smoking Must be Stopped Essay -- essays research papers fc

Smoking needs to be stopped Millions of people around the world enjoy the disgusting habit of smoking. This habit contributes to an epidemic of disease, which brings pain, suffering and death to millions every year (Active Smoking). We need to end this suffering by banning smoking in all its forms. Smokers, non-smokers, and the environment are all adversely affected by smoking. Smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body. Butane, arsenic, acetone, carbon monoxide, methanol, cadmium, and hydrogen cyanide, no one in their right mind would willingly ingest any of these things into their bodies, but these are just a few of the ingredients found in today's cigarettes. Every day people all around the world light up and inhale rat poison, lighter fluid, paint stripper, and tar (Cigarette Ingredients). Studies show that smokers are much more likely to die prematurely than non-smokers. Smoking is also linked to the onset of many health problems, including heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, circulatory diseases, and even bronchitis (Active Smoking). Smoking also causes sexual and reproductive harm, such as impotence in men and a marked decrease in conception rate in women (Reproductive Health).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoking is harmful to the environment. The average smoker only inhales fifteen percent of the smoke from a cigarette; the rest goes straight into the air (Effects of SHS). That's over four thousand chemicals polluting our air supply from ... Smoking Must be Stopped Essay -- essays research papers fc Smoking needs to be stopped Millions of people around the world enjoy the disgusting habit of smoking. This habit contributes to an epidemic of disease, which brings pain, suffering and death to millions every year (Active Smoking). We need to end this suffering by banning smoking in all its forms. Smokers, non-smokers, and the environment are all adversely affected by smoking. Smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body. Butane, arsenic, acetone, carbon monoxide, methanol, cadmium, and hydrogen cyanide, no one in their right mind would willingly ingest any of these things into their bodies, but these are just a few of the ingredients found in today's cigarettes. Every day people all around the world light up and inhale rat poison, lighter fluid, paint stripper, and tar (Cigarette Ingredients). Studies show that smokers are much more likely to die prematurely than non-smokers. Smoking is also linked to the onset of many health problems, including heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, circulatory diseases, and even bronchitis (Active Smoking). Smoking also causes sexual and reproductive harm, such as impotence in men and a marked decrease in conception rate in women (Reproductive Health).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoking is harmful to the environment. The average smoker only inhales fifteen percent of the smoke from a cigarette; the rest goes straight into the air (Effects of SHS). That's over four thousand chemicals polluting our air supply from ...

Cycles Of Seed Evolution :: essays research papers

The Basics. Sunlight plays a much larger role in our sustenance than we may expect: all the food we eat and all the fossil fuel we use is a product of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be used by biological systems. Photosynthesis is carried out by many different organisms, ranging from plants to bacteria (Figure 1). The best known form of photosynthesis is the one carried out by higher plants and algae, as well as by cyanobacteria and their relatives, which are responsible for a major part of photosynthesis in oceans. All these organisms convert CO2 (carbon dioxide) to organic material by reducing this gas to carbohydrates in a rather complex set of reactions. Electrons for this reduction reaction ultimately come from water, which is then converted to oxygen and protons. Energy for this process is provided by light, which is absorbed by pigments (primarily chlorophylls and carotenoids). Chlorophylls absorb blue and red lig ht and carotenoids absorb blue-green light (Figure 2), but green and yellow light are not effectively absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in plants; therefore, light of these colors is either reflected by leaves or passes through the Other photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae) and red algae, have additional pigments called phycobilins that are red or blue and that absorb the colors of visible light that are not effectively absorbed by chlorophyll and carotenoids. Yet other organisms, such as the purple and green bacteria (which, by the way, look fairly brown under many growth conditions), contain bacteriochlorophyll that absorbs in the infrared, in addition to in the blue part of the spectrum. These bacteria do not evolve oxygen, but perform photosynthesis under anaerobic (oxygen-less) conditions. These bacteria efficiently use infrared light for photosynthesis. Infrared is light with wavelengths above 700 nm that cannot be seen by the human eye; some bacterial species can use infrared light with wavelengths of up to 1000 nm. However, most pigments are not very effective in absorbing ultraviolet light (

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges

Excessive Laws and the Self-Interest of Lawmakers, Lawyers, and Judges The basis of a civilized society is law. The law allows for standardized treatment of men, the law allows people to plan their futures, the law gives people assurance that wills, contracts, and trusts will be enforced, that certain behavior will be allowed while other behavior (crimes and torts) will be punished, etc. Five important characteristics of "the law" in a civilized society follow: 1) The law must be of manageable size so the average man can learn the law without a lifetime of study. 2) The law must be simple enough for the average man to grasp and understand. 3) The law must be stable so men can, once they learn the law, live their lives with great assurance that they know the law and are not violating the law. 4) The law must be internally consistent so a man who follows one law does not find himself violating some other law. And last, but not least, 5) "man made" law must harmonize with the unchanging law of God. Each of these principles needs to studied in light of America's current legal structure: Manageable size: The typical public or academic law library contains over 100 million pages (in excess of 100,000 volumes) of statutes, regulations, reported legal decisions, commentaries, cross indexes, law dictionaries, legal encyclopedias, law review articles, etc. However, most law libraries have found all these pages inadequate. In the last ten years they have added "on line" access to great legal web sites run by Lexis and West Legal Publishing. These web sites allow law students and lawyers to do quick searches of all published material related to a given topic. These web sites are expensive but if the right legal key words are entered the results are very useful. Twenty to one hundred pages of information is displayed on the screen. In an hour or two any journeyman lawyer will know all that is worth knowing about some narrow area of the law. Of course, total or complete knowledge is beyond human reach. No one not even the most dedicated legal scholar can claim to kn ow "all the law". In fact America's situation recalls ancient Rome, just before its fall, when the laws began to multiply. A sage of the late Roman Empire remarked "A corrupt society has many laws". Simplicity: As the preceding description makes clear, ma... ... in their lives and that He is unrelated to the central activity of their daily routine? It is obvious that each such step is simply another step on a slippery slope away from God. So why do lawmakers, lawyers, and judges violate these five obvious rules. The only answer that makes any sense is self interest. Lawmakers want to be re-elected so they pass laws which pander to man's baser instincts and give special advantage to large contributors. Judges at the appellate level (and bureaucrats in the executive branch of government) are lured by the evil urge to become "little gods". They put God's Laws aside and set off on their own to re-define right and wrong. Judges at the trial court level become friendly with the lawyers that appear before them so they act in ways which increase the power and/or wealth of these lawyers. Lawyers themselves are in need of income to support their families in an aristocratic fashion, so they encourage judges and lawmakers to increase the complexity of courtroom procedures and/or law in general so more "lawyer's work" is created. Simple laws and simple court room procedures are not the stuff upon which grand le gal fees are built.

School Curriculum

Language is the organized speech used as our means of communication. It is a differentiated system as used by a section of human race. A second language is learned after the mother tongue. It is an advantage to speak several languages since we are associated to multi-cultural environment, a preparation to orientation and exposure to variety of languages in the workplace. A second language contributes to the preservation of different cultural identity within a unified society and the medium of instruction of worldwide scope in education, business and different professions. Studies show that bilingual children score higher on standardized tests than those who speak only one language. In fact, students who have studied a foreign or second language for four or more years scored higher than students who had studied other subject for the same number of years. Finally, students who have studied four years of foreign or second language scored higher in mathematics than students who had taken four years of Math (Cook 45). Acquiring fluency and eloquence of a second language must be done in several yet systematic stages. The basis of language such as sound, vocabulary, grammar, enunciation and so on must be rigidly developed. There must be a learning situation which is generally applicable to learners of different first language backgrounds. The ideal time to start teaching is in childhood wherein a child can learn up to five different languages if a child is commonly exposed to this, commonly the language used in the household regularly. Children and adolescents respond more readily by means of cognitive and academic approaches. So each age range would seem to have pros and cons with regards to language learning. If on educational, political and philosophical grounds children are to be introduced to second languages based on psychological needs, it cannot be the only consideration. Age is not certainly the individual factor in language learning. Cognitive factors, style, personality, attitudes and motivation play a vital role in this complex question of second language learning. Correction of grammatical and enunciation errors does not have a direct influence on learning a second language. However instruction may affect the rate of learning but will undergo the same stages. Children and adolescents who know the systematic way of learning the second language comprehends faster than those who do not (White 354-356). Learners of the second language have knowledge that goes beyond the input they received in other words the whole is greater than the parts. Learners are able to construct utterances of phrases, sentences and questions that they have never seen or heard before. Furthermore children and adolescents who have limited input still acquire the first rather than the second language. Bilingual education should be repaired not replaced. It helps provide long periods of total English immersion as well as opportunities to interact with native speakers. There are several teaching methods that will help primary and secondary students learn a second language. The immersion training of which where regular hours are spent in schools in studying the language, taking a distinct language subject, the grammar translation method and the direct method. In the grammar translation a method student are instructed in grammar and are provided vocabulary with direct translations to memorize and was predominant in Europe in the 19th century. Today most instructors acknowledge the infectivity of the method itself and for written languages also. The teaching of grammar consists of a process of training in the rules of a language which must make it possible to the students to correctly express their opinion, to understand the remarks which are addressed to them and to analyze the text which they read. The objective is that after primary and secondary, the pupil controls the tool of the language which are the vocabulary, grammar and the orthography. By this time a pupil can be able to read, understand and texts in various contexts (Mangubhai 156-158). The teaching of grammar examines the texts and has developed the awareness of language constitutes a system which can be analyzed. This knowledge is acquired gradually by traversing facts of language syntactic mechanism, going from simplicity to complexity. The teacher is supposed to correct the exercises so that the pupil can follow his progress in practicing the language through comparison of results. The direct method, sometimes also called natural method, is a method that refrains from using the learners' native language and just uses the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900. The direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any language – a child never relies on another language to learn its first language, and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language. This method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language from outset. It advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional aim of language teaching. According to this method, printed language and text must be kept away from second language learner for as long as possible, just as a first language learner does not use printed word until he has good grasp of speech. Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been introduced, and grammar and translation should also be avoided because this would involve the application of the learner's first language. All above items must be avoided because they hinder the acquisition of a good oral proficiency. India with its huge population and apparent new boom for English learning as mentioned by Gupta (12-18) is also a large beacon of English learning. Just these two countries alone and their appetites for English education give us a new sense of the increased diversity of language ownership; something Phan Le Ha (456-458) touches on in her article on the internationalization of the language and non-natives increasing critical role in teaching, development and learning. It signals the reality that those learning English will be significantly entered around or originating from Asia. Therefore educators need evermore to recognize the importance and distinctive context based needs of those requiring education in English outside the traditional native speaker contexts. This is not inherently contradictory with those with persistent arguments that many general principles of acquisition should be understood and appropriately applied by educators within their distinctive classroom settings and communities. Chew (144-149) in her article on reviewing the evolution of syllabi in Singaporean English education, indicates that the single centred approach to a syllabus may be ebbing, increasingly substituted by a more eclectic one. Whether this experience will be replicated in other countries in the region, may be difficult to exactly say. It may be that we are in a period of the â€Å"end of methods†. But like others in different social sciences who harkened the end of ideology, it may be more prudent to view change as largely evolutionary with recurring ebbs and flows depending upon the current contextual streams of challenges. However, the attractiveness of task based learning relates not only to the enumerated benefits. It provides rather a useful practice that that can be applied across many approaches, as well as boundaries. Task based learning may provide an enduring legacy that meets the test of time. It may also provide a curricular and syllabus framework of flexibility that logically students and teachers will be drawn to even if it need not be the central leitmotif for certain places. For example, tasks could include, completing a grammar bingo game after a contrastive analysis, grammar-translation based presentation. Subsequently, task based communicative teaching practices could be supported to incorporate the appropriate grammar into developing two way oral skills through an interview exercise. Again, the task approach does not deny that in some Asian classes -or anywhere in the world for that matter- that certain traditional approaches need to have their day. Rather it is especially supportive of an integrated approach, or even where the needs of the learner may be solely communicative. However, again task selection and development is the key to better ensure specific needs are met. In doing this, the educator needs to be conscious of principles and aspects of acquisition. In this respect Ellis (203-206) has so well summarized here with authority and clarity the general understanding in the profession on instructed language learning. We are further faced with the fact that the true task of learning a second language in the many EFL environments that Asian learners find themselves are removed from a lot of ‘naturalistic†, non-classroom, English speaking settings. Such an understanding of these realities and the principles that surround realistic classroom learning can be of service to classroom teachers wondering what methods, approaches and practices to choose at a specific time. It reminds us of the value of the extensive reading programmes to which Helgesen (514-516) alludes can be so useful for Asian learners where they are limited in their accessibility to communicative English in a natural environment. Teachers in such contexts may need to be reminded, at times to extend the task work outside the classroom with proper direction that permits students to develop independent learning skills that facilitate students to do the extensive work necessary to gain fluency. In cultures where top down approaches are in the main, instructors be they native teachers or not, need to be cognizant of these realities and limitations. We can not simply, for example, put all learners on the Internet or through CALL, clap our hands and say â€Å"go to it†. Again learning context, as related to acquisition can be highly relevant, which Ellis (256-258) would seem to imply. The process of language learning can be very stressful, and the impact of positive or negative attitudes from the surrounding society can be critical. One aspect that has received particular attention is the relationship of gender roles to language achievement. Studies across numerous cultures have shown that women, on the whole, enjoy an advantage over men. Some have proposed that this is linked to gender roles. Doman (511-512) notes in a journal devoted to issues of Cultural affects on SLA, â€Å"Questions abound about what defines SLA, how far its borders extend, and what the attributions and contributions of its research are. Thus, there is a great amount of heterogeneity in the entire conceptualization of SLA. Some researchers tend to ignore certain aspects of the field, while others scrutinize those same aspects piece by piece. â€Å"Community attitudes toward the language being learned can also have a profound impact on SLA. Where the community has a broadly negative view of the target language and its speakers, or a negative view of its relation to them, learning is typically much more difficult. This finding has been confirmed by research in numerous contexts. A widely-cited example is the difficulty faced by Navajo children in learning English as a second language.

External Environment Analysis Slp Essay

In this part of the paper an external analysis regarding the California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) will be conducted. The main objective of this external analysis is that to scan the external environment for factors which might open up new opportunities or present threats to survival for California Pizza Kitchen. To do that an external analysis based on Porter’s Five Forces Model and a PEST analysis will be carried out. Porter’s Five Forces Model Porter’s Model of Five Forces is one of the most versatile frameworks to analyze the industry external environment. With the application of this model California Pizza Kitchen will be able to understand and get a handle on the competitive and market characteristics of the food and beverage industry Bargaining Power of Suppliers The supplier power is based on the concentration of suppliers and the availability of suppliers within the region where California Pizza Kitchen operates like China, USA or Japan etc. It is important for CPK to pay a close attention to the needs and the wants of their suppliers. (Cravens, 2000) Bargaining Power of Customers Here California Pizza Kitchen has to be careful because the customer’s influence increases over a company. it is extremely important for California Pizza Kitchen to lookout for the tastes and preferences of the customers so that they are able to cater to all their needs. For example, Pizza Hut when it opens a new franchise in any company, does product adaptation so that it would suit the local tastes, therefore this needs to be done by CPK as well. (Cravens, 2000) Rivalry among Competitors There is a great deal of competition between 2 similar companies in the same industry. For example, the biggest rival among the competitors of California Pizza Kitchen is Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut is one of the oldest and the most famous pizza chains all over the globe, it has somewhere around 34,000 franchise outlets, delivery units and kiosks all in over 100 countries. Availability of Substitutes A substitute product for any California Pizza Kitchen product can cause the company to lose its business. Any product that is available in the market has a substitute available and the substitute for pizza is burgers and fried food. For example, California Pizza Kitchen is easily substituted for Burger King, McDonalds, Subway or KFC. (Hollensen, 2003) Threat of New Entrants This is another one of the competitive forces that affects the company in a big way. For example, the entrance of Dominos within the food and beverage industry can cause California Pizza Kitchen to lose some of its business. PEST Analysis The abbreviation for PEST analysis is Political, Environmental, Social, and Technological analysis. This analysis will help California Pizza Kitchen to know its environmental challenges and in how to operate the company in the present and by helping it to prep itself for the future. This analysis will help California Pizza Kitchen to match its resources with its activities and to help it move in the right direction. Political Analysis Here the political term refers to the global, national, regional and local trends, changes or events. Since CPK operates in somewhere around 10 countries around the globe, the company needs to adhere to the rules and regulations of that country in which it operates. California Pizza Kitchen needs to work with various special interest groups within the company and the market as well. (Kevin & Kotler, 2008) Environmental Analysis California Pizza Kitchen is extremely committed to the environmental responsibility. The outlets of company follow the environment regulations and promote cleanliness in their surroundings. California Pizza Kitchen has a very clean and tidy environment and has a very proper system to dispose of the garbage. The company supports charitable programs and takes the first steps for promoting, supporting and participating in the welfare of the community. California Pizza Kitchen has even sponsored educational programs in local community schools and the company also provides funds for different events like Fundraisers and the money collected at these fundraisers go to non-profit schools, which focus on children, youth sports and education. (Kevin & Kotler, 2008) Social Analysis The social term in the analysis refers to the developments within the society that is means culture, behavior, the expectations of the customer, the attitude of the company towards the society etc. California Pizza Kitchen has introduced   CPKids Programs under California Pizza Kitchen Foundation for children ranging 10 years and under in schools and a variety of organizations , for example,   Restaurant Tours and Incentive Awards for outstanding accomplishments to Fundraising Events and Sports Team Partnerships. California Pizza Kitchen also has a great deal of programs for the community as well. Technological Analysis The technological term over here refers to the development, such as, the processing of the products, how the machines are operated. With the use of technology in the operations, CPK has been able to reduce the cost of production, the performance of the organization has increased, has helped the company with its supply chain operations. CPK needs to introduce multinational development teams so that it ensures that the system design needs the need of the company. With the help of parallel development CPK will be able to assign different parts of the system to different subsidiaries of the business. The manager needs to listen to the ideas of the employees as well. Change the department’s structure so that it would be able to fit the communication needs. (Kevin & Kotler, 2008) Conclusion The end result after conducting the environmental analysis is that California Pizza Kitchen needs to keep a lookout for the taste and preferences of its customers and it needs to follow trends and information revolution by leveraging greater consumer insight to deliver superior value products to the customers which in turn creates sustainable, yet incredible business results for the benefit of their stakeholders. The company needs to improve its technological aspects and it needs to follow all the rules and regulations. If they are able to do so then they would have a competitive advantage over their competitors, where they would lock-in customers and lock-out competitors. References Cravens, D W. (2000), Strategic Marketing. New York: McGraw Hill Hollensen, S, (2003), Marketing Management: A Relationship Approach. Financial Times/Prentice Hall Kevin, K. & Kotler, P. (2008), Marketing Management. Prentice Hall

To What Extent Was Nationalism the Main Cause of British Decolonisation

To what extent was nationalism the main cause of British decolonisation Decolonisation is the process by which empires disintegrated and colonies achieved in dependence. Britain decolonised between the years 1947 and 1964, nationalist movements was considered the main reason for decolonisation of the British Empire, but where other factors just as significant? Britain had flourished during the war with a victory however; this left them with severe financial and economical set-backs.The Second World War weakened the British economy this in turn reduced their imperial power to maintain control of their colonies, Britain often used emergencies; which allowed them to buy time from nationalists which would weaken their interest. They needed to ‘cling’ to their empire, as it was the only source of support for their economy, they were able to sell cheap goods for more and paying their workers a low wage added to their economy. Although some would argue that due to the low wage paid to the workers this caused them to not be able to buy thing as they were too expensive.Britain was shadowed by the United States and the Soviet Union, Britain’s status was way down the hierarchy, these two superpowers created an international climate which the reservation of the empire was rapidly difficult. However, the empire provided resistance from the US and USSR. Britain was also increasing the spending on nuclear weapons, rather than on weapons and soldiers in the cold war therefore, Britain couldn’t police the war. They needed army defence clearly nuclear dependence wasn’t needed.During the war time Japanese, Burma etc were revealing the weakness of the British imperial power, this gave hope to other territories starting with India. The nationalist’s movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian nationalist’s congress to free India, India eventually through a lot of hardship gained independence this surely accounted as significant, it shows Britain’s weakness. This inspired other colonies to be freed and use Gandhi’s non-violent tactics, also made Britain powerless, no longer influential and loses their main sour of resources for trade etc.Due to the increased contact with African soldiers’ during the war, the Indians spread the word and soon African colonies wanted freedom, a self government and independence. Increasing colonial development which created an African middle class this helped with the nationalising of African colonies, as they had more knowledge, educated and now understand that they deserve freedom. By 1945 there was an increase in nationalist groups within Africa.Britain had loss India therefore they needed a much more productive Africa, Britain modernised them, they spent up to 120 million pounds, the money was mainly spent on a groundnuts investment in Tanzania the investment which failed caused a huge turnover in debt for Britain. Also creating the sterling area coloni es had to use pounds an attempt to make Britain much more economically productive, to improve their way of living this however, back-fired instead it encouraged nationalism activists to start really fighting for what they wanted as they thought if we have been educated we might as well use this to run our county on our own.Some people would argue that the Asian and African nationalist movements were chances for Britain to show that they really are powerful and can control these movements, also it made Britain more determined to keep their empire intact even if this meant violence. For example in India there were peaceful movement used although turned into violence as Britain wasn’t planning to lose, the famous day of the Amritsar Massacre, when people were protesting and were brutally shot down etc. Eventually Britain lost India and they gained their independence. On the other hand, Britain also failed to keep control in Palestine.Palestine gained independence in 1948 and bec ame known as Israel. However, it doesn’t end there, the Arabs and Jews conflict was increasing rapidly; the UK couldn’t keep control mainly because they didn’t have enough financial support needed to police the country, so they decided to leave and the conflict increased. Some people would argue this made Britain seem like cowards as they couldn’t finish what they’ve started. There were clear consequences outstanding to this slip-up, it made Britain appear weak and this inspired other colonies to protest.In 1956 the Suez crisis was a strong turning point for the world as it revealed Britain’s limitation from the beginning showing they couldn’t go any further both military and financially wise. This was obviously very humiliating for Britain, and Eden the prime minister at the time who decided this unintelligent action resigned soon after: under embarrassment, illegal invasion, rejection from the USA, the Frances trust in Britain vanis hed. The USA and USSR became the most dominant powers and left Britain behind.Britain lost whatever influence it had left on the Middle East, and some of Europe. Britain’s relationship with the USA was seriously damaged this caused a run on the pound the value of the dollar increased, also Britain lost its sovereignty as it was under the control of the Usa in terms of nuclear power as they had dual key which Britain needs the USA to do anything with it. Egypt was the first non- white country to challenge Britain and defeat them this, this dilemma caused far worst issues. Britain lost it influence nearly worldwide, as the world lost trust in them.That setback caused them to lose colonies because of nationalist movements such as the Gold coast in 1957, Nigeria in1961, Malaysia in 1962 etc. Britain needed to have European power but France no longer trusted in Britain. Britain’s problems at home weren’t any better; Eden just resigned after embarrassing the country. The public’s attitude at the time was that they were apathetic, they wanted and needed their own welfare: post-war recovery. Due to the increase in immigration the racism from the British increased too, for example a well known race riot in Notting hill.However Mc Milan becomes prime minister, he accepts the need of decolonisation and believes ‘the day of the empire is gone, modern days are arising’, the fact that most empires were decolonising such as France, Belgium, Portugal took the longest but eventually let go, this shows that there was no real benefit in keeping a colony. Mc Milan changes the foreign policy and restores the relationship with the USA as they agree with being anti-colonial anyway. He decides to focus on Europe were their chances of success was much greater.However, British conservative white settlers were reluctant to let go and believed that independence given to colonies were rushed without preparation. Mc Milan government concluded that t hey would leave as soon as possible. In conclusion, although nationalism appears to be the main cause of decolonisation, other factors were just as significant and more such as, post war financial issues, the Suez crisis Eden’s failure, etc. It looks to me that success usually comes through money and if the UK had financial support then they would still have their empire or have a huge status in the world.